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Colonoscopy Procedure Guide from a Gastroenterologist
Most colonoscopies take only 30–60 minutes, and patients typically return home the same day
What is a colonoscopy? ​
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon and rectum), typically performed by a gastroenterologist. From a gastroenterologist’s point of view, it’s one of the most important tools for both prevention and diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease.
How does a colonoscopy work?
A colonoscopy involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera (called a colonoscope) through the rectum to visualize the entire colon. The camera transmits real-time images, allowing the physician to closely inspect the lining of the bowel.
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Why is a colonoscopy done?
Gastroenterologists use a colonoscopy to:
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Screen for colorectal cancer (this is the gold standard screening tool)
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Detect and remove polyps (small growths that can become cancerous over time)
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Investigate symptoms like:
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Chronic diarrhea or constipation
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Unexplained anemia
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Diagnose conditions such as:
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis)
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Diverticulosis/diverticulitis
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Colorectal tumors or strictures
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The American Cancer Society recommends most adults begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45
If you are due for colorectal cancer screening or experiencing digestive symptoms, schedule a consultation with Dr. Aviles or Dr. Tenembaum for further medical advice.
Most colonoscopies take only 30–60 minutes, and patients typically return home the same day.
Why is a colonoscopy important?
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It’s both diagnostic and therapeutic — meaning we can find issues and treat them during the same procedure (e.g., remove polyps, take biopsies).
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It allows direct visualization, which is far more accurate than imaging alone.
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It can prevent cancer, not just detect it early, by removing precancerous polyps.
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What can patients expect from a colonoscopy?
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Done under sedation, so patients are comfortable and typically don’t remember the procedure
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Usually takes 20–45 minutes
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Requires a bowel prep beforehand to clean out the colon for clear visibility
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From a GI standpoint, colonoscopy isn’t just a test—it’s a preventative, life-saving intervention that plays a central role in maintaining long-term digestive health.
When should I get a colonoscopy?
Most adults should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Earlier screening may be recommended if you have:​
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A family history of colorectal cancer
A family history of colon polyps
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Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
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Unexplained anemia
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Changes in bowel habits
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What conditions can a colonoscopy detect?
Colonoscopy can help diagnose a wide range of digestive conditions, from precancerous polyps and colorectal cancer to inflammatory bowel disease and sources of gastrointestinal bleeding including: ​​
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Colon polyps
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Crohn's disease
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Ulcerative colitis
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Diverticulitis
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Colorectal strictures
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Gastrointestinal bleeding